Many people don't realize that this rise of the x402 sector is actually a continuation of the previous AI Agent boom, but many more are afraid that this round of x402 will end up just as disastrous as the previous AI Agent boom. You need to understand the underlying logic:
1) The previous wave of AI Agents was a game of issuing assets using AI Agent applications disguised as "AI MEME," leaving behind a trail of meaningless coins, but it did provide the industry with a painful but necessary user education, making everyone realize that AI Agents without real-world application scenarios have no future.
Therefore, this time, x402 arrives with the unfalsifiable and rigid demand of Agent Pay.
2) The previous wave of AI Agents also made many technological attempts and breakthroughs. Besides attempts at personalizing AI chatbots, they also explored AI autonomous asset management, AI multimodal collaboration standards, AI-integrated DeFi trading, including TEE+AI Agent, ZK+AI verification, and the completion of functions such as DA, Oracle, and Interoperability adapted to AI Agents. However, ultimately, most of these efforts were declared temporary "failures."
Therefore, x402 provides a paradigm of complete simplification, allowing the Agent to focus solely on "payment," while delegating everything else to public chains with impressive technical performance but lacking a Product-Market Fit (PMF) approach.
3) The previous wave of AI Agent hype was based solely on AI-personalized chat and some minimalist transaction features. At that time, mature value exchange standards like MCP, A2A, AP2, ERC-8004, and x402 didn't exist. The emergence of these protocols directly provided a more reliable foundation for interoperability and the realization of functional value between Agents.
To some extent, AI Agents no longer need to explore standards and frameworks—things that web3AI isn't good at. Standing on the shoulders of web2 AI innovation, implementing applications, and popularizing the narrative of Crypto assets using Agent Pay payment channels, thereby driving the maturity of Agent Pay's upstream and downstream infrastructure, will already be a significant achievement.