At present, blockchains face scalability issues. Although decentralized and transparent, they suffer from slow transaction speeds and high costs. There are three scalability solutions:1,Optimizing blockchain protocols for each node (like DAG, Hashgraph, Avalanche).2,Sharding (still immature).3,Moving most transactions off-chain via Layer-2 solutions.Public chains remain the most effective way to achieve global consensus but are also the slowest databases. Therefore, blockchains should focus on decentralization and security, while scalability and privacy issues can be addressed by off-chain solutions. Adding a new layer on top of the blockchain, using it as a security anchor. Existing solutions include some for payment scaling, some for smart contract scaling, and some for off-chain computation.

NFT (Non-Fungible Token) represents ownership of unique blockchain-based items like collectibles, game assets, digital art, tickets, domain names, or physical assets.

DeFi (Decentralized Finance), also known as Open Finance, refers to decentralized protocols for open, borderless financial services like DEXs, stablecoins, lending, and asset management.

Stablecoins are cryptocurrencies pegged to stable assets like USD, EUR, or gold to maintain consistent value.

Platform Token: ERC20 issued by CEX. Functions: fee discounts, dividends, buyback, voting, fundraising, loyalty.

Layer 1

Real World Assets (RWA) concept coins tokenize traditional assets such as real estate, bonds, precious metals, and fine art using blockchain technology, bridging the gap between traditional finance and decentralized finance (DeFi). This allows for high liquidity and global accessibility of these assets. RWA utilizes smart contracts to enable fractional ownership of assets, permitting small-scale investors to participate in high-value asset investments, such as tokenized shares of real estate, corporate bonds, or gold yield rights, significantly lowering the investment barrier. In 2025, the total market capitalization of the RWA market has already exceeded $64 billion, and it is expected to continue expanding, driven by institutional adoption and regulatory support.

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