衍生品市场规模已远超2009年750万亿美元水平。BIS最新数据显示,2025年上半年OTC衍生品名义未偿余额达845.7万亿美元,同比增长15.9%。 单一银行暴露惊人:JP Morgan 63万亿美元、Goldman Sachs与Citibank各56万亿美元、Bank of America 26万亿美元。全球货币总量远不足以覆盖,一旦触发清算,系统性崩溃风险极高。
杠杆与交叉抵押将银行、影子银行、私募股权、私募信贷紧密绑定。2008年危机后监管虽加强,但规模膨胀与复杂性未减。当前通胀环境下,衍生品定价失真进一步放大波动,构成“隐形炸弹”。
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