Wu learned that Solana founder Anatoly Yakovenko pointed out that L2 and cross-chain bridges (such as Wormhole) face the same worst-case risk: multisigs can upgrade contracts and access bridged assets without user knowledge. He refuted Gabriel Shapiro's claim that multisig architectures are more complex and difficult to coordinate, emphasizing that the key lies in whether a set of non-user-controlled keys can directly access funds, rather than the complexity of the governance structure. Yakovenko stated that even if L1 validators secretly tamper with nodes, they cannot change the on-chain consensus, and centralized service providers will reject illegal states. However, L2 and Wormhole can complete contract upgrades without triggering a full network outage, posing a higher risk to users. He believes that L2 multisigs essentially determine sequencer permissions, and the claim that the current architecture "inherits Ethereum's security" is unfounded.